Experian, Equifax, and Trans Union must operate in compliance with the Fair Credit Reporting Act, so they have very strict guidelines as to who can become members, and what types of reports can be retrieved. Banks, mortgage companies, auto dealers, department stores, property management companies are commonly accepted as credit bureau members. Companies and individuals without a valid need are routinely rejected for membership. Companies pay a fee to Experian, Equifax, or Trans Union for each credit report they request.

Permissible purpose is defined in Section 604 of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA).

A consumer reporting agency may furnish a consumer report under the following circumstances:

• In response to a court order or a Federal Grand Jury Subpoena.

• In accordance with the written instruction of the consumer.

• To a company whom the credit bureau has reason to believe intends to use the report in evaluating the extension of credit, or the review or collection of an account.

• To an insurance company that intends to use the report for insurance underwriting.

• To a company that needs the report to determine the eligibility of someone for a government license or benefit where the government agency is required to consider the person's financial status.

• When there is some other legitimate business need for the report in connection with a business transaction involving the consumer.

The Federal Trade Commission is the agency that enforces the Fair Credit Reporting act.

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